Thomas G. Mitchell, PhD
Associate Professor
bio  •  lab members  •  lab website

Representative Publications:

• Mitchell, T.G., and J.R. Perfect. 1995. Cryptococcosis in the AIDS era-100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clinical Microbiological Reviews 8:515-548.
  
  
• Gräser, Y., M. Volovsek, J. Morlang, G. Schönian, W. Presber, T.G. Mitchell, and R.J. Vilgalys. 1996. Molecular markers reveal that population structure of the human pathogen Candida albicans exhibits both clonality and recombination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 93:12473-12477.
  
  
• Xu, J., R.J. Vilgalys, and T.G. Mitchell. 1999. Lack of genetic differentiation between two geographically diverse samples of Candida albicans isolated from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Bacteriology 181:1369-1373.
  
  
• Forche, A., G. Schönian, Y. Gräser, R.J. Vilgalys, and T.G. Mitchell. 1999. Genetic structure of typical and atypical populations of Candida albicans from Africa. Fungal Genetics and Biology 28:107-125.
  
  
• Blackstock, R., Buchanan, K.L., Cherniak, R., Mitchell, T.G., Wong, B., Bartiss, A., Jackson, L., Murphy, J.W. 1999. Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with quantitative differences in multiple virulence factors. Mycopathologia 147:1-11.
  
  
• Xu, J., R.J. Vilgalys, and T.G. Mitchell. 2000. Multiple gene genealogies reveal dispersion and hybridization in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Molecular Ecology 9:1471-1482.
  
  
• Forche, A., J. Xu, R.J. Vilgalys, and T.G. Mitchell. 2000. Development and characterization of a genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and other markers. Fungal Genetics and Biology 31:189-203.
  
  
• Xu, J., Ramos, A.R., Vilgalys, R., and Mitchell, T.G. 2000. Clonal and spontaneous origins of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38:1214-1220.
  
  
• Pinto de Andrade, M., Schonian, G., Forche, A., Rosado, L., Costa, I., Muller, M., Presber, W., Mitchell, T.G., Tietz, H.J. 2000. Assessment of genetic relatedness of vaginal isolates of Candida albicans from differenct geographical origins. Int J Med Microbiol 290:97-104.
  
  
• McEwen, J.G., Taylor, J.W., Carter, D., Xu, J., Felipe, M.S., Vilgalys, R., Mitchell, T.G., Kasuga, T., White, T., Bui, T., Soares, C.M. 2000. Molecular typing of pathogenic fungi. Medical Mycology 38:189-197
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• Schonian, G., Forche, A., Tietz, H.J., Muller, M., Graser, Y., Vilgalys, R., Mitchell, T.G., Presber, W. 2000. Genetic structure of geographically different populations of Candida albicans. Mycoses 43:51-56.
  
  
• Xu, J., Onyewu, C., Yoell, H.J., Ali, R.Y., Vilgalys, R.J., and Mitchell, T.G. 2001. Dynamic and heterogeneous mutations to fluconazole resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:420-427.
  
  
• Xu, J., and T.G. Mitchell. 2002. Strain variation and clonality in Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. In Calderone, R.A., and R.L. Cihlar (eds). Fungal Pathogenesis: Principles and Clinical Applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, pp. 739-749.
  
  
• Xu, J., Luo, G., Vilgalys, R.J., Brandt, M.E., and Mitchell, T.G. 2002. Multiple origins of hybrid strains of Cryptococcus neoformans with serotype AD. Microbiology 148:203-212.
  
  
• Luo, G., and Mitchell, T.G. 2002. Rapid identification of pathogenic fungi directly from cultures by using multiplex PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40:2860-2865.
  
  
• Xu, J. and Mitchell, T.G. 2003. Geographical differences in human oral yeast flora. Clin Infect Dis 36:221-224.
  
  
• Xu, J. and Mitchell, T.G. 2003. Comparative gene genealogical analyses of strains of serotype AD identify recombination in populations of serotypes A and D in the human pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology 149:2147-2154.
  
  
• Litvintseva, A.P., Marra, R.E., Nielsen, K., Heitman, J., Vilgalys, R., and Mitchell, T.G. 2003. Evidence of sexual recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates in sub-Saharan Africa. Eukaryotic Cell 2:1162-1168.
  
  
• Steinbach, W.J., Mitchell, T.G., Schell, W.A., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Coico, R.F., Walsh, T.J., and Perfect, J.R. 2003. Status of medical mycology education. Medical Mycology 41:457-467.
  
  
• Marra, R.E., Huang, J.C., Fung, E., Nielsen, K., Heitman, J., Vilgalys, R., and Mitchell, T.G. 2004. A genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans serotype D (Filobasidiella neoformans). Genetics 167:619-631.
  
  
• Diezmann, S., Cox, C.J., Schonian, G., Vilgalys, R.J., and Mitchell, T.G. 2004. Phylogeny and evolution of medical species of Candida and related taxa: a multigenic analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42:5624-5635.
  
  
• Loftus, B.J. et al. 2005. The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Science 307:1321-1324.
  
  
• Litvintseva, A.P., Kestenbaum, L., Vilgalys, R., and Mitchell, T.G. 2005. Comparative analysis of environmental and clinical populations of Cryptococcus neoformans. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43:556-564.
  
  
• Fraser, J.A., Huang, J.C., Pukkila-Worley, R., Alspaugh, J.A., Mitchell, T.G., and Heitman, J. 2005. Chromosomal translocation and segmental duplication in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryotic Cell 4:401-406.
  
  
• Nielsen, K., Marra, R.E., Hagen, F., Boekhout, T., Mitchell, T.G., Cox, G.M., and Heitman, J. 2005. Interaction between genetic background and the mating-type locus in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence potential. Genetics. 171:975-983.
  
  
• Nielsen, K., Cox, G.M., Litvintseva, A.P., Mylonakis, E., Malliaris, S.D., Benjamin, D.K. Jr., Giles, S.S., Mitchell, T.G., Casadevall, A., Perfect, J.R., and Heitman, J. 2005. Cryptococcus neoformans {alpha} strains preferentially disseminate to the central nervous system during coinfection. Infect Immun. 73:4922-4933.
  
  
• Litvintseva, A.P., Thakur, R., Reller, L.B., and Mitchell, T.G. 2005. Prevalence of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus gattii serotype C among patients with AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Infect Dis. 192:888-892.
  
  
• Gugnani, H.C., Mitchell, T.G., Litvintseva, A.P., Lengeler, K.B., Heitman, J., Kumar, A., Basu, S., Paliwal-Joshi, A. 2005. Isolation of Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from the flowers and bark of Eucalyptus trees in India. Med Mycol. 43:565-569.
  

• Litvintseva, A.P., Thakur, R., Vilgalys, R., and Mitchell, T.G. 2006. Multilocus sequence typing reveals three genetic subpopulations of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), including a unique population in Botswana. Genetics. 172:2223-2238.
  
  
• Lin, X., Huang, J.C., Mitchell, T.G., and Heitman, J. 2006. Virulence attributes and hyphal growth of C. neoformans are quantitative traits and the MATalpha allele enhances filamentation. PLoS Genet. 2:e187.
  
  
• Litvintseva, A.P., Lin, X., Templeton, I., Heitman, J., and Mitchell, T.G. 2007. Many globally isolated AD hybrid strains of Cryptococcus neoformans originated in Africa. PLoS Pathogens. 8:e114.
  
  
• Lin, X., Litvintseva, A.P., Nielsen, K., Patel, S., Floyd, A., Mitchell, T.G., and Heitman, J. 2007. alphaADalpha hybrids of Cryptococcus neoformans: Evidence of same-sex mating in nature and hybrid fitness. PLoS Genet. 3:e186.